Food allergens are naturally occurring proteins that can provoke severe immune responses in sensitive individuals. With no existing cure, the only effective protection is strict avoidance. Accurate and clear food labeling plays a vital role in protecting allergic consumers.

Yet cross-contamination during production can introduce unintended allergens, making mislabeling a serious threat. In this context, preventive testing—not reactive action—is the most dependable safeguard.

Analytical Methods for Allergen Detection

To guarantee accurate labeling and consumer safety, advanced analytical tools have been developed. These methods focus on identifying reliable biological markers—proteins, peptides, or DNA—associated with specific allergens.

Selecting the right method requires consideration of multiple variables:

• The complex composition of different foods
• The impact of processing (e.g., heat, fermentation) on allergen detectability

Because proteins are the primary triggers of allergic reactions, direct protein-based detection offers the most relevant risk assessment for allergen monitoring.

Immunochemical Methods: Fast and Effective Screening

Among the most trusted tools in allergen detection are immunochemical methods, especially those based on antibodies that bind specifically to allergenic proteins. These methods are divided into two categories:

1. Lateral Flow Methods (LFD/LFA)

Lateral Flow Devices (LFDs) are rapid, user-friendly screening tools widely adopted in the food industry for on-site testing. They function via capillary migration across a test strip:

• The sample extract moves along a membrane containing antibodies conjugated to colored particles, typically colloidal gold.
• If the target allergen is present, a visible Test Line appears.
• A Control Line confirms proper test performance.
• A Hook Line is sometimes included to counter the “hook effect”—a phenomenon where very high analyte levels can reduce signal intensity^[1].

These tests are ideal for routine monitoring, especially in facilities without sophisticated lab infrastructure.

The ProGnosis Biotech Advantage

Allergen Free Series (Lateral Flow):

• Detects 18 common allergens in a cassette format: soy, gluten, milk, nuts and others.
• 1 extraction buffer and unified protocol for all allergens simplify workflow and training.
• Suitable for testing food, CIP solutions, and working surfaces in just 5 minutes.
• Portable reader pairs with an Android app, providing immediate, shareable quantitative results.
• Incorporates a hook line on test strips to prevent false negatives at high allergen concentrations.

2. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

ELISA is the gold standard for quantitative allergen detection across all food products and processing environments. After binding, an enzyme reaction produces a detectable signal, typically a color change, indicating the presence and concentration of the allergen. Its high specificity and sensitivity make it the preferred method for trace-level quantification.

How ELISA Works in Allergen Detection

1. Sample Preparation – Proteins are extracted using a buffer at high temperatures to release potential allergens.
2. Antibody Coating – A microplate is pre-coated with antibodies that recognize the target allergen (e.g., casein, soy, egg).
3. Binding Phase – Allergenic proteins in the sample bind to the capture antibodies.
4. Detection Antibody – A second antibody, linked to an enzyme, binds to the captured allergen.
5. Color Reaction – A substrate is added, producing a color change proportional to the allergen concentration.
6. Measurement – Color intensity is measured with a spectrophotometer, providing a precise quantitative result ^[2].

What Sets ProGnosis Biotech Apart

The Allergen Shield ELISA series:

• Offers quantitative analysis of 22 allergens such as gluten, milk, soy, crustaceans, fish, nuts and others.
• Uses highly specific monoclonal antibodies to minimize cross-reactivity and ensure accuracy.
• Standardized 30-minute testing protocol across kits ensures consistency and ease of use.
• Includes surface swabbing kits to verify cleaning effectiveness and hygiene.

A Safer Supply Chain Through Smart Testing

Whether opting for ELISA or lateral flow methods, the key is consistent, high-quality allergen testing. By leveraging ProGnosis Biotech’s accurate and user-friendly methods, the highest standards of safety are upheld—transforming compliance into competitive advantage.

Find reliable tools for accurate allergen testing.

References

1. Zhuang, Y., et al. (2018). “The hook effect: A practical concern in immunoassay development.” Analytical Biochemistry, 547, 70–77.
2. Mills, E. N. C., et al. (2007). “The application of immunoassay-based methods for the detection of allergens in food.” Food Additives & Contaminants, 24(6), 533–544.